Hello Trevor Patton,
Thank you for posting in Microsoft Community forum.
Based on the description "This has led me to a discovery that security groups are being added seemingly by User OU to individual machines", do you mean maybe there is GPO setting caused domain groups to be added to local administrators?
If so, you can sign in one domain machine and check the group policy result.
For checking Computer Configuration within gpresult, you can follow steps below.
Logon this machine using administrator account.
Open CMD (run as Administrator).
Type gpresult /h C:\gpo.html and click Enter.
Open gpo.html and check gpo setting under "Computer Details".
For checking User Configurations within gpresult, you can follow steps below.
Logon the machine using normal domain user account (that applies this gpo).
Create a folder named F1 in C drive.
Open CMD (do not run as Administrator).
Type gpresult /h C:\F1\gpo.html and click Enter.
Open gpo.html and check if there are these gpo settings under "User Details".
Please check restrict group.
Description of group policy restricted groups - Windows Server | Microsoft Learn
And check local groups and users.
I hope the information above is helpful.
If you have any question or concern, please feel free to let us know.
Best Regards,
Daisy Zhou