I found this article last week and it describes my issue perfectly:
I've had a support case open on this for almost 6 months with no progress, just a lot of DPM log gathering and phone calls. I shared this link with Microsoft, but they are hesitant to state that this is the problem. Since I did not seem to have this issue on my secondary server, I decided last week to reinstall everything from scratch using the May 2025 image of Windows Server 2025 followed by bringing it up to current July updates. I retained my DPM database and storage pool.
It's only been a week so my opinion may change, but so far everything seems to be closer to normal with more reasonable CPU use and expected disk or network activity. I'm not seeing CPU use constantly in the 90% range on a 4-core system (what Microsoft recommends for hardware) with almost no disk or network activity. Before the reinstall, I would see CPU use in that range within a couple of days with rebooting the only solution to getting it back to normal. I didn't see memory use pegging, but I have much more than the minimum recommended amount in this system. I truly believe the issue described in the article is the root problem, especially since it was found with backup software as well. We've had tons of problems with Windows Server 2025 (24H2) as well as Windows 11 (24H2), more than any other version going back to Windows NT4, so it is not hard for me to believe this could be another bug.
A couple of months before upgrading to 2025, I did have a problem with 2022 where the storage was being unexpectedly bloated because the pruning jobs were not properly working.