Hello. Microsoft officially removed native Teams client support for macOS 12 Monterey and older starting July 2024.
Even if you install Microsoft Office 16.88 (the last Office version compatible with Monterey), Teams is no longer included as a standalone desktop app for your OS version. It was removed from both the Teams download page and the Microsoft AutoUpdate pipeline for unsupported macOS builds.
This is by design. Your system is blocked at OS level, not Office version level.
The Teams desktop app now requires macOS 13 Ventura or newer. Monterey users are limited to the web version.