Installing MS 365 Access Runtime maybe fixed it:
tldr: Installing MS 365 Access Runtime worked for us
We are exporting data from our database and ran into the same com+ error.
We tried to resolve the issue by uninstalling Access Runtime 2016, installing 2013 since 2010 was not available and then installing 2016 again, suggested by @Frazell Thomas .
Since this unfortunately did not work for us, and since we could not find the 2010 version we tried what @Yorley García was suggesting in a comment and installed the MS 365 Access Runtime.
This seemed to work for a specific testcase that previously failed.
We are currently checking if it works for us in every scenario.
I found a Question regarding the end of life for Access DB Engine 2016 that lead to this article wich suggests that if no office is installed, the MS 365 Access Runtime should be installed.
I am somewhat optimistic, that hopefully installing this runtime wich includes the Access Database Engine could be neccessary either way after the end of life for the 2016 Access Database Engine and might not be a workaround but a solution that will not be broken in the future.
If you have further knowledge or one of my assumptions is incorrect please feel free to leave a comment.